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This is a list of development studios owned by Sega, a Japanese video game developer and publisher based in Tokyo, Japan. Sega itself is a development studio of Sega Sammy Holdings, a company formed in 2004 after it merged with Sammy. Accompanied with the list is their history of game development. Also included are the companies that Sega has acquired over the years. For a full list of games developed and published by Sega, see List of Sega video games, List of Sega mobile games and List of Sega arcade games.

• 1960–1990

• Early development

• 1983–1990

• 1991–1999

• 1991–1995

• 1996–1999

• 2000–2004

• 2000–2002

• 2003–2004

• 2005–2008

• 2009–2017

• 2018–present

• 2018 - 2020

• 2021 - current

• Acquired/founded studios

• Former studios

• See also

• Notes

• Table references

• References

During the early 1960s, Sega had around 40 developers. One of the developers was Hisashi Suzuki, who previously was in charge of autodesign at Tokyu Kogyu Kurogane, he changed jobs to Sega in 1964, which then was called Nihon Goraku Bussan. As the company grew, Suzuki recalls about eight departments dedicated to development, which were arcades, arcade cabinets and consumer products. Sega rarely outsourced their games, much like Namco and Taito, as it was hard to find other companies that could do design, manufacturing, marketing and maintenance all at once.cite-ref-0-1-0[1]

Another early developer was Hideki Sato, who joined 1971. Sato has recalled that when he joined Sega, they were making pinball tables and electro-mechanical games, however still mainly sold jukeboxes. He became part of a development team that mainly had around 20 people. Sato was initially assigned to the part that made pinball tables, which were imported from America, but had modifications done to them so they would be more fun.

Sega at that time was owned by a foreign company and led by David Rosen. Rosen brought Pong from Atari to the Japanese offices, which impressed Sato. The developers quickly researched how games with TV's were made, and thus Sega quickly brought its first video game to market with Pong Tron in 1973. Hayao Nakayama, who later became president, joined Sega after the purchase of game distribution company Esco Trading. According to Sato, Nakayama was more than just a manager, he had helpful input into games like Monaco GP as well, as he firmly understood the business of games and that the development division is the most important part of a company.cite-ref-1-3-0[3]

Sega learned a lot about programming and software after purchasing Gremlin Industries in 1978, which was located in San Diego. It was because of this purchase that Sega began using printed circuit boards for games. Sega's first arcade board was the System 1, which debuted with Star Jacker. It was developed by Sato and was their first standardized arcade board; before then, each game had individually customized hardware.cite-ref-13-4-0[4]

Home computers became an interest of Nakayama, as the MSX was becoming popular.cite-ref-13-4-1[4] Consequently, a small team of three people were involved in creating the SC-3000. The game capabilities of it were turned into the SG-1000, the first home console of Sega, which was made after Sega learned about Nintendo's plans to release the Famicom. At the same time the System 2 arcade hardware was developed, this time by hardware engineer Hiroshi Yagi.cite-ref-4gamer-net-5-0[5] Yagi had first worked at Sega during the 1970s on early solid state-based pinball, but briefly left to work at Honda, before returning with the full approval of Sato.cite-ref-4gamer-net-5-1[5] The new console Sega Mark III, called Sega Master System overseas, was made with the purpose that System 1 and 2 arcade games could easily be ported. It was thought that spreading home hardware while also developing more powerful arcade hardware would make players go to an actual arcade, and that this would create a virtuous cycle.cite-ref-13-4-2[4]

System 2 was also able to display multiple screens, a capability which was used in a horse racing medal game called Super Derby. This was useful for the development of the Sega Game Gear, which released in 1990.cite-ref-4gamer-net-5-2[5] Since 1985, the Motorola 68000 was used in arcades, and it was modified to suit home consoles, which resulted in the Mega Drive in 1988, called Sega Genesis in North America when it released a year later. According to Sato this was when Sega began sharing the know-how between arcade and home hardware.cite-ref-1-3-1[3] Sega also increased the amount of female customers in arcades with the UFO Catcher, an improved type of crane game that existed before, and acquiring the Tetris license for arcades.cite-ref-6[6]

In terms of software developers, Yoji Ishii joined 1978, and was involved in sound engineering on various titles like Monaco GP and Zaxxon, before being involved in the planning section working on early arcade titles like Up'n Down, Sindbad Mystery, Flicky, Teddy Boy Blues and Fantasy Zone. He also worked with Yu Suzuki on his titles later on, and then moved on to management duties.cite-ref-9-7-0[7]cite-ref-8[8] Yu Suzuki joined in 1983, and after a year of doing chores and developing Champion Boxing, he was developing big sensory cabinet games like Hang-On, Space Harrier, OutRun and After Burner. Each took about six months.cite-ref-9a-9-0[9] According to Hisashi Suzuki, it was the environment of being able to do everything in-house that made these kind of cabinets possible.cite-ref-0-1-1[1]

Yuji Naka joined the company alongside Hiroshi Kawaguchi, and was part of the team that developed software for the SC-3000, the PC Division, which according to Naka had about fifteen developers. Only some games were outsourced to Compile, all the software was done in-house. Software developers were only around 50 people at most, 20 or 30 for hardware-related matters. The pace of software development was to develop one game every one to two months, Yuji Naka recalls bragging with Yu Suzuki who worked more overtime, and it was usual to work at weekends too, as they were essentially living at the company.cite-ref-2-10-0[10] Mark Cerny, the only foreigner in development, recalls the company was very much a sweatshop, saying "It's one programmer, one artist, three months. That's a game. The Tokyo group made about 40 games, from which about only two could be played and enjoyed". Hideki Sato said much of the same, saying that the company was lagging behind the arcade experience of the company.cite-ref-11[11]cite-ref-4-12-0[12]

Naka already had a reputation as a great programmer early on.cite-ref-5-13-0[13] He desired to make games that were not possible on Nintendo hardware, or to port arcade games from more powerful hardware. Examples of this include the 3D Dungeons of Phantasy Star, the Mark III version of Hokuto no Ken (overseas known as Black Belt) or ports of the arcade games Space Harrier, Super Thunder Blade and the Capcom game Ghouls 'n Ghosts. However it was the development plan of making "a game to beat Mario" that caught the attention of a superior of Naka, which started the development of Sonic the Hedgehog.cite-ref-2-10-1[10] The Genesis generally marked a turning point were more original software for consoles began development such as Alex Kidd in the Enchanted Castle, The Revenge of Shinobi, Phantasy Star II and Sword of Vermillion.cite-ref-3-14-0[14]

| Department | Headed By | Notable Titles/Products |

|---|---|---|

| Production & Engineering | David Rosen | Jet Rocket Killer Shark Periscope |

| PC Division | Unknown | Champion Boxing Girl's Garden SC-3000 |

| Department | Division | Headed By |

|---|---|---|

| R&D1 | R&D, Sega Enterprises | Hisashi Suzuki, Yoji Ishii |

| R&D2 | R&D, Sega Enterprises | Mamoru Shigeta, Minoru Kanari |

| R&D3 | R&D, Sega Enterprises | Hideki Sato |

| R&D4 | R&D, Sega Enterprises | Unknown |

| R&D5 | R&D, Sega Enterprises | Unknown |

| R&D6 | R&D, Sega Enterprises | Unknown |

| R&D7 | R&D, Sega Enterprises | Unknown |

| R&D8 | R&D, Sega Enterprises | Yu Suzuki |

| R&D9 | R&D, Sega Enterprises | Unknown |

| Department | Notable Titles/Products |

|---|---|

| R&D1 | Altered Beast Fantasy Zone Golden Axe |

| R&D2 | Alex Kidd series Dragon Crystal Phantas… |

| R&D3 | SG-1000 Sega Mark III Sega Genesis |

| R&D4 | Aero City Sega Super Curcuit UFO Catcher |

| R&D5 | Sega System series Super Scaler |

| R&D6 | Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mous… |

| R&D7 | Robo Pitcher |

| R&D8 | Hang-On Space Harrier Out Run |

| R&D9 | Fatal Labyrinth Shadow Dancer |

Yu Suzuki was the first to branch out, with his own studio called Studio 128. After that, many more departments followed, all of which had their roots in R&D1. Hisao Oguchi recalls up to six departments; according to him the environment was extremely competitive. Hisashi Suzuki often asked "what's new?" and had a desire of the development teams to be "first in the world" when looking at their game pitches. Hayao Nakayama had harsh opinions on the developers that didn't make money in the arcades, and thus supported developers like Yu Suzuki, who created many hits.cite-ref-6-34-0[31] Nakayama gave an order to develop a title better than Street Fighter II by Capcom. Namco had also paced ahead in the arcade industry with Winning Run. To catch up, Suzuki purchased SGI IRIS workstations from Silicon Valley to develop Virtua Racing, which in turn led to Virtua Fighter, and both satisfied Nakayama's expectations. In collaboration with GE, the Sega Model 2 and Sega Model 3 arcade hardware was made possible, and produced further games with very advanced graphics such as Daytona USA, building on newer AM2 hire Toshihiro Nagoshi's previous experience directing Virtua Racing. Multiplayer action and sports titles were also made possible with Virtua Striker, Virtua Cop and SpikeOut.

On the opposite trend, Hisao Oguchi of AM3, which broke away from AM1 following AM2's success, was aiming to make games for couples, as well as aiming for a "cool" rather than otaku-like feel. AM3 developer Mie Kumagai, who later garnered attention later on as a female manager of a development department, shared this sentiment, believing "the future of arcades cannot be boys only". Rail Chase, Jurassic Park, Jambo! Safari, Top Skater and a variety of sports games such as Virtua Tennis, were part of this direction. However, most of the income at arcades in Japan still came from core players rather than casuals, with AM3 scoring one of its biggest hits in the form of Virtual On: Cyber Troopers.cite-ref-6-34-1[31]cite-ref-35[32]cite-ref-36[33] AM3 also succeeded by establishing Tetsuya Mizuguchi and Kenji Sasaki in game development at Sega on the acclaimed Sega Rally Championship; they had both previously made ride films for Sega's large AS-1 motion simulator, and broke off into their very own unit, AM Annex, following the popularity of Rally (a benefit similarly given to Nagoshi for SpikeOut). After their success with UFO Catcher prize games and Tetris, Sega's next hit in the arcade market with women ultimately came in the Print Club photo booths, co-developed by the arcade cabinet team AM4 with Atlus.cite-ref-37[34] This established purikura in Japan.cite-ref-38[35]

Sega's arcade hardware development side additionally grew, with teams splitting off from the existing AM4 department in a similar way to AM2 and AM3.cite-ref-20-39-0[36] These included AM5, whose personnel at first originated a line of kiddie rides with monitors, but went on to instead make large scale attractions for Sega's attempts at the theme park business with Joypolis, SegaWorld London and Sega World Sydney, led by Nakayama in another effort to compete with Namco, as well as Disney.cite-ref-20-39-1[36] Building off of the motion base of the AS-1 simulator, their attractions included the VR-1, an early example of Virtual Reality made with support from AM4, 3, and Virtuality.cite-ref-40[37] Masao Yoshimoto, who joined in 1987, and developed the R360 among many other arcade cabinets, recalled this period as the golden age of Sega, when both advanced graphics and big motion sensitive simulators such as the ones for Manx TT Superbike and WaveRunner were made possible.cite-ref-11-41-0[38]

Putting to use what Naka learned by porting Ghouls 'n Ghosts to the Genesis, he went on to develop Sonic the Hedgehog, along with artist Naoto Ohshima and designer Hirokazu Yasuhara. Sonic had a much bigger development period than other Sega games at the time, with Mark Cerny recalling it having ten months development time, and three core developers instead of two.cite-ref-7-42-0[39]cite-ref-4-12-1[12] Naka himself worked on it for one year and a half, and did not work on any other games in the meantime, in contrast to the frequent releases he had before.cite-ref-2-10-2[10] Sega of America marketing strategies made Sonic the Hedgehog a success for Sega, causing them to have 61% market share in North America with their Genesis consoles. Naka quit Sega due to him feeling that he did not get enough appreciation for his work on Sonic, but then was invited by Mark Cerny to join his development group, the Sega Technical Institute, and he along with ten other developers went to Sega of America and developed the sequels Sonic 2, Sonic 3 and Sonic & Knuckles. In addition to STI, Sega Interactive, Sega Midwest Studio and Sega Multimedia Studio were other studios that Sega of America established at this time, though their game development never progressed to the same capacity as Japan.cite-ref-43[40]cite-ref-44[41]cite-ref-45[42]

As part of a concerted effort by Hayao Nakayama to supply the Mega Drive with more quality software funded by Sega,cite-ref-46[43] Japanese game development also expanded externally with second party studios such as SIMS, which was previously Sanritsu, Treasure, which consisted of ex-Konami developers and debuted with the highly praised Gunstar Heroes, and Sonic Software Planning!, which often worked with Climax Entertainment.cite-ref-5-13-1[13] Other worldwide successes developed by the inhouse Japanese development group were Streets of Rage II and Phantasy Star IV which were appreciated in all parts of the world.cite-ref-5-13-2[13]

The Mega CD was developed to get ahead in Japan, as the PC Engine was more popular and also had a CD drive. According to hardware developer Masami Ishikawa, Sega was able to increase performance and storage capacity, and thus became able to release better RPGs on it.cite-ref-47[44] The most famous title for the Mega CD was Sonic CD, developed in Japan without the involvement of Yuji Naka, although ideas were exchanged. CD was mainly developed by Naoto Ohshima, alongside staff gathered from all over Sega, many of them young.cite-ref-8-48-0[45] RPGs remained the most popular on consoles in Japan, and Game Arts' works were an important asset for Sega; however, those games as well as Sega's own Shining and Phantasy Star series were unable to truly compete with Dragon Quest, Final Fantasy and Ys I&II.cite-ref-3-14-1[14] This later led to their use of Virtua Fighter to create an RPG, since it was Sega's most popular IP in Japan, with the project eventually becoming Shenmue.cite-ref-12-49-0[46]

Being behind on console in Japan motivated Sega to put resources into the Sega Saturn. The development team of the Saturn was the same that developed the System 32 arcade board.cite-ref-13-4-3[4] Sato regrets that he did not go with the Model 1 arcade hardware as a base, as he was too concerned of leaving all the developers behind that were focused on sprites rather than 3D, which were still the majority of developers outside of AM2.cite-ref-50[47] At one time Sega were supporting five different console hardwares, with the first and second CS departments focusing on Sega Saturn, the third and fourth on the Mega Drive as well as 32X and Mega CD. A fifth development department existed for Game Gear development and a sixth department existed for RPG's. Another department of about 40 people dedicated to porting games to PC was also established, as Windows 95 became widespread in Japan.cite-ref-28-51-0[48] Including overseas staff and arcade developers, over 1000 developers were engaged in development at Sega.

Sega Saturn projects were much larger in comparison to other teams at the time, scaling up from the five or ten people involved in Master System or Genesis games. An early large project was Panzer Dragoon, for which 30 people were involved. Yoji Ishii was transferred from arcade to console development by Nakayama in 1993,cite-ref-9-7-1[7] and many others from the arcades followed, making it up to several hundred developers involved in Sega Saturn software development.cite-ref-10-52-0[49] AM2 created a development environment for the Saturn, called the Sega Graphic Library, due to the console being difficult to make games for out of the box.cite-ref-9a-9-1[9] Early on, the 3D capabilities were not shown off well with a lacking port of Daytona USA as well as Clockwork Knight, which was mainly 2D. By 1995, the Saturn could compete very well with PlayStation in Japan with ports of Virtua Fighter 2, Virtua Cop and Sega Rally Championship. Particularly Virtua Fighter 2 became the first million-seller for Sega in Japan. RPG's like Sakura Wars, Magic Knight Rayearth and Dragon Force, anime license games such as Neon Genesis Evangelion and sports games also did very well in Japan.cite-ref-3-14-2[14] Yuji Naka returned to Japan and wanted to develop 3D games, after being sent videotapes of the games that Yu Suzuki was developing. Naka had no desire to develop for the Sega 32X, which was mainly spearheaded by Sega of America.cite-ref-2-10-3[10]

Game producer Takayuki Kawagoe called the line-up for the 32X quite weak, as games like Knuckles Chaotix were previously just 16-bit titles, but praised the original titles such as Metal Head.cite-ref-180-23-2[22] Naka, along with Naoto Ohshima developed NiGHTS Into Dreams and Burning Rangers, with the latter not having as much involvement from Naka.cite-ref-8-48-1[45] Much like how Sonic was made to succeed in America, NiGHTS was made to succeed in Europe, although that was the desire by the development team, rather than marketing.cite-ref-7-42-1[39] According to manager Hisashi Suzuki, the turning point was the release of Final Fantasy VII. It and the influence of Dragon Quest was far too great for Sega to overcome. It did not only influence the fortune of Sega in console development, but also the relevancy of arcades was put into question as well, with Fighters Megamix only being made for Saturn against a tight Christmas 1996 deadline to capitalize on a delay in its development.cite-ref-0-1-2[1] To combat Final Fantasy VII, Team Andromeda, the team behind Panzer Dragoon was instructed to develop an RPG, which was Panzer Dragoon Saga.cite-ref-53[50]

At the time, Sega was involved with Vivendi and Universal on GameWorks, and thus had a connection to Steven Spielberg, who visited the Sega offices and saw the prototype of Shenmue, which was something that he was very impressed with. This caused Sega management to further support it. However, according to Hisashi Suzuki this meant Yu Suzuki leaving the arcade business to develop console projects, and no one was able to tame Yu Suzuki, which meant that the project went out of control.cite-ref-54[51] Shenmue went over budget and was rumored to have cost Sega over $50 million.cite-ref-ages-55-0[52]cite-ref-mott1-56-0[53]cite-ref-57[54]

Isao Okawa, the chairman of CSK, which was the parent company of Sega, said "let's try one more time",cite-ref-12-49-1[46] in regard to Sega hardware. Sonic Adventure, Virtua Fighter 3, an early version of Skies of Arcadiacite-ref-58[55] and Shenmue moved from Saturn to the new Dreamcast and in-house development for Sega Saturn completely halted in 1998. The NAOMI arcade hardware was developed to make porting titles to the Dreamcast without loss of quality. Therefore, home and arcade hardware became equal.cite-ref-3-14-3[14] Isao Okawa personally instructed Yuji Naka, to create an online game for the new Dreamcast. Naka released Chu Chu Rocket as a test for the online capabilities for the Dreamcast. The turnover of staff was the largest at Sega since 1986, as staff began to establish new companies such as Artoon.cite-ref-10-52-1[49]cite-ref-59[56] Visual Concepts was acquired by Sega of America to develop sports titles, while No Cliche was established by Sega Europe.cite-ref-charnock-60-0[57]cite-ref-61[58]

| Department | Division |

|---|---|

| AM1 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM2 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM3 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM4 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM5 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM6 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM7 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| CS1 (includes Team Andromeda) | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| CS2 | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| CS3 | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| CS4 | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| CS5 | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| RPG Production | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| Sega Technical Institute (Japanese Team) | Sega of America |

| Department | Members From | Headed by |

|---|---|---|

| AM1 | Sega R&D1 | Rikiya Nakagawa |

| AM2 | Studio 128 | Yu Suzuki |

| AM3 | Sega R&D1 | Hisao Oguchi |

| AM4 | Sega R&D4, Sega R&D5 | Masao Yoshimoto |

| AM5 | Sega R&D4, Sega R&D5 | Tokinori Kaneyasu |

| AM6 | Sega R&D4, Sega R&D5 | Tomoji Miyamoto |

| AM7 | Sega R&D4, Sega R&D5 | Unknown |

| CS1 (includes Team Andromeda) | Sega R&D2, Sega R&D6 | Makoto Oshitani, Yoji Ishii |

| CS2 | Sega R&D2, Sega R&D6 | Hiroshi Aso, Makoto Oshitani |

| CS3 | Sega R&D2, Sega R&D6 | Hiroshi Aso, Makoto Oshitani |

| CS4 | Sega R&D2, Sega R&D6 | Koichi Nagata |

| CS5 | Sega R&D2, Sega R&D6 | Motoshige Hokoyama |

| RPG Production | Sega R&D2, Sega R&D6 | Tomio Takami |

| Sega Technical Institute (Japanese Team) | Sega R&D2, Sega R&D6 | Yuji Naka |

| Department | Notable Titles/Products |

|---|---|

| AM1 | Golden Axe: The Revenge of Death Adder… |

| AM2 | Virtua Cop series Virtua Fighter series… |

| AM3 | Manx TT Superbike Sega Rally Championsh… |

| AM4 | Astro City Print Club series UFO Catche… |

| AM5 | AS-1 VR-1 Rail Chase: The Ride |

| AM6 | Medal games |

| AM7 | Hardware |

| CS1 (includes Team Andromeda) | Clockwork Knight series Panzer Dragoon… |

| CS2 | Astal Dark Wizard Quackshot |

| CS3 | Shinobi III: Return of the Ninja Master… |

| CS4 | Metal Head Virtua Racing Virtua Fighter |

| CS5 | Coca Cola Kid Sylvan Tale Sonic Drift 2 |

| RPG Production | Blue Seed Magic Knight Rayearth Phantas… |

| Sega Technical Institute (Japanese Team) | Sonic the Hedgehog series |

| Department | Division |

|---|---|

| AM1 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM2 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM3 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM4 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM5 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM11 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM Annex/AM12 | Amusement R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| CS1 (includes Team Andromeda) | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| CS2 | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| CS3 (includes Sonic Team ) | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| CS4 | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| Sega PC | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| Sega Digital Studio | Consumer R&D, Sega Enterprises |

| AM1 (US Team) | Sega of America |

| Department | Members From |

|---|---|

| AM1 | Same |

| AM2 | Same |

| AM3 | Same |

| AM4 | Same |

| AM5 | Same |

| AM11 | Sega AM2 |

| AM Annex/AM12 | Sega AM3 |

| CS1 (includes Team Andromeda) | Sega CS1 Sega CS2 Sega CS3 Sega CS4 Seg… |

| CS2 | Sega CS1 Sega CS2 Sega CS3 Sega CS4 Seg… |

| CS3 (includes Sonic Team ) | Sega CS1 Sega CS2 Sega CS3 Sega CS4 Seg… |

| CS4 | Sega CS1 Sega CS2 Sega CS3 Sega CS4 Seg… |

| Sega PC | New |

| Sega Digital Studio | New |

| AM1 (US Team) | Sega AM1 |

| Department | Headed By |

|---|---|

| AM1 | Rikiya Nakagawa |

| AM2 | Yu Suzuki |

| AM3 | Hisao Oguchi |

| AM4 | Masao Yoshimoto |

| AM5 | Tokinori Kaneyasu |

| AM11 | Toshihiro Nagoshi |

| AM Annex/AM12 | Tetsuya Mizuguchi |

| CS1 (includes Team Andromeda) | Makoto Oshitani |

| CS2 | Noriyoshi Oba |

| CS3 (includes Sonic Team ) | Yuji Naka |

| CS4 | Tetsuya Mizuguchi |

| Sega PC | Hiroyuki Okata |

| Sega Digital Studio | Yukifimi Makino |

| AM1 (US Team) | Roger Hector, Makoto Uchida |

| Department | Notable Titles/Products |

|---|---|

| AM1 | Harley Davidson & L.A. Riders Sega Bass… |

| AM2 | Fighters Megamix Virtua Fighter 3 Scud… |

| AM3 | Decathlete Virtual On series The Lost W… |

| AM4 | Blast City Print Club series UFO Catche… |

| AM5 | Boat Race GP Halfpipe Canyon Sega Rally… |

| AM11 | SpikeOut |

| AM Annex/AM12 | Sega Rally 2 Sega Touring Car Champions… |

| CS1 (includes Team Andromeda) | Dragon Force Panzer Dragoon series Sega… |

| CS2 | Atsumare! Guru Guru Onsen Pro Soccer Cl… |

| CS3 (includes Sonic Team ) | Burning Rangers Nights into Dreams... S… |

| CS4 | Space Channel 5 |

| Sega PC | Sonic & Knuckles Collection Daytona USA… |

| Sega Digital Studio | Music for Sega games |

| AM1 (US Team) | Die Hard Arcade Dynamite Cop |

Sega's software development teams were split off into separate companies in April 21 of 2000. Each were headed by their own president with their own philosophies, and they were responsible for their own finances. A year later, Sega officially announced their withdrawal from the console hardware market on January 31, 2001, to develop games for other hardware.cite-ref-1-3-2[3] All the different companies established supported different consoles after ending support for the Dreamcast, with the Xbox being supported by WOW Entertainment, Hitmaker and Smilebit, the Gamecube being supported by Sonic Team and Amusement Vision and the PlayStation 2 being supported by Overworks, AM2, United Game Artists and Smilebit.cite-ref-115[98] Tetsuya Mizuguchi, head of United Game Artists, saw this initially as a move of Sega of being more similar to Hollywood, where distribution and development were becoming more and more separated.cite-ref-116[99] Toshihiro Nagoshi recalls this period as labour of love from Sega, "teaching the creatives the way of managing a business".cite-ref-otaquest-117-0[100] Hisao Oguchi who lead Hitmaker, however, had a suspicion that this structure was made to ultimately separate the creators who were able to make profit and the ones who didn't, as they were many projects that didn't hit the mark, and at one point Sega was hiring hundreds of developers a year, effecting costs that were no longer manageable.cite-ref-6-34-2[31] Nonetheless, journalists praised the innovation of Sega's titles during this period as a "brief moment of remarkable creativity''.cite-ref-118[101]

In the end, Yuji Naka, who lead Sonic Team, was considered to be the most successful in home software development, with Oguchi at Hitmaker being the arcade counterpart. Sonic Team produced the high selling Sonic games and Phantasy Star Online, which won several awards within the Japanese game industry. Hitmaker originated the successful genre of card-based arcade games in Japan, which started with Derby Owners Club's support for game progression via IC cards, and continued with World Club Champion Football, which advanced the concept with a flat panel reader and library of cards for football players, giving it the added dimension of trading, among other titles like The Key of Avalon.cite-ref-119[102]

The card concept was subsequently adopted by other Sega teams for arcade games, with AM2 integrating IC card based progression into Virtua Fighter 4 alongside additional early support for internet infrastructure under Hiroshi Kataoka,cite-ref-120[103] whilst the Mirai R&D department (headed by former Joypolis attraction developer Hiroshi Uemura) made the child-focused trading card titles Mushiking: The King of Beetles and Love & Berry: Dress up and Dance!.cite-ref-121[104] Mushiking and Love & Berry particularly supported Sega with very strong sales in the Japanese market.

Amusement Vision, led by Toshihiro Nagoshi, was not very involved with Dreamcast games, however landed a hit with Super Monkey Ball on the Nintendo Gamecube and was involved with Nintendo management when dealing with them for the development of F-Zero GX. Nagoshi observed Nintendo management from the bottom all the way to the top, and was very surprised with how uniform the opinions at the company were, saying "no wonder we lost!".cite-ref-otaquest-117-1[100] This activity also made him very favourable for a management position within Sega. However, Nagoshi saw himself as sort of an in-between of Oguchi and Naka, and not on the same level as them.cite-ref-122[105]

Sega did not make any further custom hardware on its own after the Sega Hikaru arcade board,cite-ref-13-4-4[4] however many tenured engineers continued to work on Sega arcade technologies such as its card systems, internet infrastructure and future arcade boards such as the Xbox-based Chihiro.cite-ref-4gamer-net-5-3[5]cite-ref-123[106]cite-ref-124[107] Many hardware developers also joined pachinko and pachislot company Sammy Corporation, who soon merged with Sega. Hideki Sato pushed for leftover Dreamcast parts being used as displays in the machines that Sammy develops, including the very successful Fist of the North Star pachinko machines.cite-ref-125[108]

In 2003, Oguchi became president of Sega,cite-ref-126[109] and multiple studios were merged into another,cite-ref-127[110]cite-ref-128[111] as several developers left Sega during the era of spinning off their development studios. These included Rikiya Nakagawa from WOW Entertainment (which took on Overworks)cite-ref-129[112] and Mizuguchi from United Game Artists (which merged into Sonic Team). Though responsible for the successful Initial D: Arcade Stage, Sega Rally director Kenji Sasaki's studio Sega Rosso was also merged, returning to AM3 successor Hitmaker; Sasaki left Sega by 2005 to form his own independent studio Bitster, and went on to collaborate with Sega again in subsequent decades.cite-ref-130[113] Yu Suzuki departed AM2 to form his own studio, Digital Rex, but within Sega.cite-ref-131[114] The development studios merged back into Sega on July 1 of 2004.cite-ref-132[115]

Visual Concepts was sold to Take Two Interactive in 2005.cite-ref-charnock-60-1[57]

| Studio | Division | Members From |

|---|---|---|

| WOW Entertainment Inc. | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | Sega AM1 R&D |

| Sega AM2 Co., Ltd./AM2 of CRI | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | Same as before |

| Hitmaker Co., Ltd. | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | Sega AM3 R&D |

| Amusement Vision Ltd. | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | Sega AM11 R&D |

| Sega Rosso Co., Ltd. | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | Sega AM12 R&D |

| Smilebit Corporation | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | Sega PC |

| Overworks Ltd. | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | CS2 |

| Sonic Team Ltd. | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | Same as before |

| United Game Artists Co., Ltd. | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | New |

| Wave Master Inc. | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | New |

| Sega Mechatro | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | AM4 + AM6 |

| Mirai R&D | R&D Holdings, Sega Corporation | AM5 |

| Sonic Team USA | Sega of America | Sonic Team Ltd. |

| WOW Entertainment (US Team) | Sega of America | AM1, WOW Entertainment Inc. |

| Studio | Headed By | Notable Titles |

|---|---|---|

| WOW Entertainment Inc. | Rikiya Nakagawa | Sega GT series Sports Jam The House of… |

| Sega AM2 Co., Ltd./AM2 of CRI | Yu Suzuki | Shenmue series Sega Network Taisen Mahj… |

| Hitmaker Co., Ltd. | Hisao Oguchi | Crazy Taxi series Virtua Tennis series… |

| Amusement Vision Ltd. | Toshihiro Nagoshi | Daytona USA 2001 Super Monkey Ball seri… |

| Sega Rosso Co., Ltd. | Kenji Sasaki | Cosmic Smash Initial D Arcade Stage ser… |

| Smilebit Corporation | Shun Arai | Pro Soccer Club o Tsukurou! Jet Set Rad… |

| Overworks Ltd. | Noriyoshi Oba | Skies of Arcadia Shinobi Sakura Wars se… |

| Sonic Team Ltd. | Yuji Naka | Phantasy Star Online Samba de Amigo Son… |

| United Game Artists Co., Ltd. | Tetsuya Mizuguchi | Rez Space Channel 5 series |

| Wave Master Inc. | Yukifimi Makino | Roommania #203 |

| Sega Mechatro | Tomoji Miyamoto | Club Kart: European Session Medal games… |

| Mirai R&D | Hiroshi Uemura | McDonalds no Touch de Asobo! Speed Boar… |

| Sonic Team USA | Takashi Iizuka | Sonic Adventure 2 |

| WOW Entertainment (US Team) | Makoto Uchida | Alien Front |

| Department | Division | Members From |

|---|---|---|

| Sega WOW Inc. | R&D, Sega Corporation | WOW Entertainment Inc. + Overworks Ltd. |

| Sega AM2 Co., Ltd. | R&D, Sega Corporation | Same as before |

| Digital Rex Co., Ltd. | R&D, Sega Corporation | Sega AM2 Co., Ltd. |

| Hitmaker Co., Ltd. | R&D, Sega Corporation | Hitmaker Co., Ltd. + Sega Rosso Co., Lt… |

| Amusement Vision Ltd. | R&D, Sega Corporation | Amusement Vision Ltd. + Smilebit Corpor… |

| Smilebit Corporation | R&D, Sega Corporation | Amusement Vision Ltd. + Smilebit Corpor… |

| Sonic Team Ltd. | R&D, Sega Corporation | Sonic Team Ltd. + United Game Artists C… |

| Wave Master Inc. | R&D, Sega Corporation | Same |

| Sega Mechatro | R&D, Sega Corporation | Same |

| Mirai R&D | R&D, Sega Corporation | Same |

| Sonic Team USA | Sega of America | Same |

| Department | Headed By | Notable Titles |

|---|---|---|

| Sega WOW Inc. | Rikiya Nakagawa | Dragon Treasure Nightshade Sakura Wars… |

| Sega AM2 Co., Ltd. | Hiroshi Kataoka | Quest of D series OutRun 2 Virtua Cop 3 |

| Digital Rex Co., Ltd. | Yu Suzuki | |

| Hitmaker Co., Ltd. | Mie Kumagai | Avalon no Kagi series Initial D Arcade… |

| Amusement Vision Ltd. | Toshihiro Nagoshi | F-Zero GX Super Monkey Ball series Olli… |

| Smilebit Corporation | Takayuki Kawagoe | Pro Soccer Club o Tsukurou! Virtua Stri… |

| Sonic Team Ltd. | Yuji Naka | Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg Feel th… |

| Wave Master Inc. | Yukifimi Makino | New Roommania: Porori Seishun |

| Sega Mechatro | Masao Yoshimoto | Medal games Starhorse series UFO Catche… |

| Mirai R&D | Hiroshi Uemura | Mushiking series Love and Berry series |

| Sonic Team USA | Takashi Iizuka | Sonic Heroes |

In 2005 a new structure of game development was announced, after Sega became a subsidiary of Sega Sammy Holdings, and was under new management, with Hajime Satomi from Sammy Corporation at the top. The Consumer Business Group Division contained the Global Entertainment R&D and New Entertainment R&D departments, which all together were divided into six departments, each focusing on something different, such as network, sports,cite-ref-151[132] cinematic and character based games.cite-ref-csjob-sega-jp2-152-0[133]cite-ref-153[134]cite-ref-154[135]cite-ref-155[136] Particularly the Yakuza / Like a Dragon games by the New Entertainment department already became a franchise for Sega in 2006, and they were motivated to develop it into a character brand similarly to Sonic the Hedgehog, Mushiking and Love & Berry.cite-ref-156[137]cite-ref-40-157-0[138] According to the now former manager Hisashi Suzuki, the Like a Dragon series was only possible due to the experience of Shenmue,cite-ref-0-1-3[1] and it also inherited elements of the SpikeOut arcade games.cite-ref-12-49-2[46] Next generation console development with PlayStation 3 exclusives Ryū ga Gotoku Kenzan! by NE and Valkyria Chronicles by GE2, and the multi-platform Sonic the Hedgehog 2006 by Sonic Team, also became a focus.cite-ref-158[139] Later, developer Takashi Iizuka admitted that Sonic Team had prioritized shipping games over quality during this period, resulting into several poorly received games in the Sonic the Hedgehog series.cite-ref-159[140]

Sega Europe president Mike Hayes said that Japanese origin IP became less popular around 2004, with Sega of America president Simon Jeffery showing a similar sentiment.cite-ref-160[141] Specifically there was motivation to be seen less like just like another Japanese company by Sega of America,cite-ref-161[142] with them being more picky what to bring over from the Japanese studios since 2005.cite-ref-162[143]cite-ref-163[144] This was a conscious decision on Japanese management.cite-ref-164[145]

Trading card arcade games continued to be successful for Sega in Japan, with the latest example being Sangokushi Taisen, being developed by developers previously engaged in console games such as Sakura Wars.cite-ref-12-49-3[46] Sega also showcased the Lindbergh arcade board along with Virtua Fighter 5, Virtua Tennis 3 and The House of the Dead 4, which was the first arcade board to be based on PC architecture.cite-ref-165[146] The Nintendo DS versions of kids arcade games Mushiking, Love & Berry and Dinosaur King were released, and particularly Love & Berry was successful as it became the first million-seller for Sega in Japan since Virtua Fighter 2.

Tastes for arcade games changed on both sides of the world, with Masao Yoshimoto saying that potential new employees mentioned in interviews that the newer arcade games with flat panel card readers are their reason for joining Sega, rather than machines like the R360. Large driving game cabinets became less appealing to the Japanese youth, whilst retaining some success overseas.cite-ref-11-41-1[38] Western arcades became focused on casual players, while core players remained in Asia. This motivated Sega to establish a development base to develop games that better suited the Western markets, housed within sales subsidiary Sega Amusements Europe.cite-ref-166[147]

Yuji Naka left during this period in 2006, with Yu Suzuki following in 2011, in the wake of his second post-AM2 studio, AM Plus, disbanding after producing only one title that made it to market (Sega Race TV).cite-ref-167[148]cite-ref-168[149]

| Department | Division | Members From |

|---|---|---|

| GE1 (includes Sonic Team) | Consumer R&D, Sega Corporation | Sonic Team |

| GE2 | Consumer R&D, Sega Corporation | Sega WOW |

| GE3 (includes Sonic Team) | Consumer R&D, Sega Corporation | Sonic Team |

| NE | Consumer R&D, Sega Corporation | Amusement Vision |

| Sports Design | Consumer R&D, Sega Corporation | Smilebit |

| AM1 | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation | Sega WOW |

| AM2 | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation | Sega-AM2 |

| AM3 | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation | Hitmaker |

| AM Plus | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation | Sega-AM2 |

| Family Entertainment | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation | Mirai R&D |

| Products | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation | Sega Mechatro |

| Sega Amusement Europe | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation | Cardiff R&D |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Sega of China | Sega WOW |

| Sega Studio USA | Sega of America | Sonic Team USA |

| Department | Headed by | Notable Titles |

|---|---|---|

| GE1 (includes Sonic Team) | Akinori Nishiyama | Puyo Puyo series Mind Quiz Sonic the He… |

| GE2 | Akira Nishino | Bleach Project series Sakura Wars serie… |

| GE3 (includes Sonic Team) | Takao Miyoshi | Phantasy Star Universe |

| NE | Toshihiro Nagoshi | Super Monkey Ball series Yakuza series |

| Sports Design | Takaya Segawa | Pro Soccer Club o Tsukurou! series Mari… |

| AM1 | Yasuhiro Nishiyama | Answer X Answer series Sangokushi Taise… |

| AM2 | Hiroshi Kataoka | After Burner Climax Sega Network Taisen… |

| AM3 | Mie Kumagai | Initial D Arcade Stage series Virtua Te… |

| AM Plus | Yu Suzuki | Sega Race TV |

| Family Entertainment | Hiroshi Uemura | Mushiking series Love and Berry series |

| Products | Masao Yoshimoto | Medal games Starhorse series UFO Catche… |

| Sega Amusement Europe | Patrick Michael | Ford Racing: Full Blown Sega Rally 3 |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Makoto Uchida | Altered Beast NiGHTS Into Dreams Sega A… |

| Sega Studio USA | Takashi Iizuka | Shadow the Hedgehog Nights: Journey of… |

Sega management had high expectations for Nagoshi to develop a worldwide hit after creating the successful Yakuza series, which eventually became Binary Domain.cite-ref-221[193] Similarly the developers behind IP that sold well in Japan such as the Phantasy Star series had a desire to aim for worldwide audiences, much like the developers behind the Sonic the Hedgehog, Super Monkey Ball and Mario & Sonic games. Binary Domain was a commercial failure, which made the team reflect on to keep making authentic Japanese games rather than being anything else.cite-ref-222[194] Games for smartphones became a huge focus, particular with the keywords free to play and cross play. Sega learned from its experience from Kingdom Conquest which it translated to Samurai & Dragons for PlayStation Vita. Particularly Phantasy Star Online 2 was very much developed to be multi-platform with the addition of the PC platform and Vita, it also having versions available on iOS and Android.cite-ref-14-223-0[195] Arcade staff also began developing for smartphones with Alexandria Bloodshow and Samurai Bloodshow, which lead to Chain Chronicle, a successful earner for Sega.cite-ref-224[196]cite-ref-225[197] AM2 also began to develop smartphone games with Soul Reverse Zero.cite-ref-226[198]

According to AM2 developer Makoto Osaki, Sega shifted its focus to internet games in the arcades rather than huge cabinets after server maintenance costs went down.cite-ref-227[199] Profits for arcade games were still higher than for console, mobile and PC games all the way to the fiscal year of 2014.cite-ref-228[200] Border Break became a huge success being supported for many years in arcades.cite-ref-229[201] Music games became another area of success for Sega with Hatsune Miku: Project Diva Arcade and Maimai, both of which received many updates, and subsequent titles made by the same team as the latter such as Chunithm. Long time musician Takenobu Mitsuyoshi has said that the arcade industry in Japan is "fundamentally not strong" right now, mentioning that music games have developed long standing popularity against those odds.cite-ref-230[202]cite-ref-231[203]cite-ref-232[204] Ports of arcade games were developed primarily as downloadable games for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 with Virtua Fighter 5: Final Showdown, Daytona USA (previously Sega Racing Classic) and After Burner Climax, among others.cite-ref-233[205]

The markets in North America and Europe were seen as very "tough", with Sega taking sight on the wider Asian market instead.cite-ref-14-223-1[195] In 2012 Sega announced that for the West they would focus on fewer franchises which were Sonic the Hedgehog, Total War, Football Manager and Aliens, with Sonic being the only Japanese IP.cite-ref-234[206] Atlus became part of Sega in 2013,cite-ref-235[207] with the acquisition of Atlus USA being finalized in 2016. Atlus USA made it possible to localize Japanese Sega IP such as Yakuza and Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA to the western market. With the new policy of increasing localized titles again, the "bridge team" was founded in 2017, to better support communication between Sega of America and Japan.cite-ref-236[208]

| Department | Division |

|---|---|

| CS1 (includes Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio ) | Consumer R&D, Sega Corporation (2009-20… |

| CS2 (includes Sonic Team ) | Consumer R&D, Sega Corporation (2009-20… |

| CS3 | Consumer R&D, Sega Corporation (2009-20… |

| Sega Networks | Consumer R&D, Sega Corporation (2009-20… |

| Online | Consumer R&D, Sega Corporation (2009-20… |

| AM1 | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation (2009-2… |

| AM2 | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation (2009-2… |

| Products | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation (2009-2… |

| N.Pro | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation (2009-2… |

| Sega Amusements Europe | Amusement R&D, Sega Corporation (2009-2… |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Sega of China |

| Department | Members From |

|---|---|

| CS1 (includes Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio ) | NE R&D + Sports R&D |

| CS2 (includes Sonic Team ) | GE1 R&D + Sega Studio USA + Sports R&D |

| CS3 | GE2 R&D |

| Sega Networks | NE R&D |

| Online | GE3 R&D |

| AM1 | AM1 +AM3 |

| AM2 | AM2 + AM3 + AM Plus |

| Products | Same as before |

| N.Pro | Products R&D |

| Sega Amusements Europe | Same as before |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Same as before |

| Department | Headed by |

|---|---|

| CS1 (includes Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio ) | Toshihiro Nagoshi |

| CS2 (includes Sonic Team ) | Takashi Iizuka, Osamu Ohashi |

| CS3 | Akira Nishino |

| Sega Networks | Masayoshi Kikuchi |

| Online | Takaya Segawa |

| AM1 | Yasuhiro Nishiyama |

| AM2 | Hiroshi Kataoka |

| Products | Unknown |

| N.Pro | Yuji Sugimori |

| Sega Amusements Europe | Paul Willams |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Makoto Uchida |

| Department | Notable Titles |

|---|---|

| CS1 (includes Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio ) | Binary Domain Super Monkey Ball series… |

| CS2 (includes Sonic Team ) | Mario & Sonic series Puyo Puyo series S… |

| CS3 | Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA series Rise… |

| Sega Networks | Demon Tribe Kingdom Conquest series War… |

| Online | Phantasy Star Online 2 Sega Network Tai… |

| AM1 | Code of Joker series Maimai series Wond… |

| AM2 | Border Break series Hatsune Miku: Proje… |

| Products | UFO Catcher series |

| N.Pro | E-DEL Sand Nail Puri |

| Sega Amusements Europe | Race Driver: GRID Showdown Dream Raiders |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Daytona Championship USA Dreamcast Coll… |

The COVID-19 pandemic caused Sega to restructure their arcade business and place some of its developers onto console and smartphone games.cite-ref-312[277]

Sega plans to release "Super Game", a framework of game development that has the following requirements: online, IP utilization, multi-platform, multi-language, simultaneous worldwide release and AAA. According to Sega Sammy CEO Haruki Satomi, Lost Judgment and Phantasy Star Online 2: New Genesis are first steps into fulfilling this framework.cite-ref-313[278] Additionally, this Super Game development team will be a hybrid of developers that were previously involved in console, mobile and arcade games that eventually will add up to several hundred people.cite-ref-episode05-314-0[279] Unreal Engine 5 will be used, with Unreal Engine 4 already utilized other development teams. The latter was first used by the arcade divisions during the late 2010s on Sega World Drivers Championship and House of the Dead: Scarlet Dawn,cite-ref-315[280] and then Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio with its remake of Like A Dragon: Ishin!.cite-ref-316[281] Sega plans to resurrect past examples of IP for these projects, with Virtua Fighter 5: Ultimate Showdown an early example.cite-ref-317[282] The first game of this category is scheduled to release by the fiscal year of 2026.cite-ref-318[283] The name Super Game was chosen to differentiate it from the Metaverse.cite-ref-319[284]

Of the four development divisions, the 3rd is confirmed to be developing these titles, with over 600 employees who have experience developing GaaS type titles, including Phantasy Star Online 2 as well as various mobile and arcade games. Division 1 and 2 are mainly focused on developing the Like a Dragon and Sonic the Hedgehog games, respectively, with additional capacity for other series' releases such as Virtua Fighter, Super Monkey Ball, Puyo Puyo, and RPGs, while Division 4 focuses on mobile.cite-ref-320[285]cite-ref-episode11-321-0[286] Division 2 is also overseeing the development of smaller outsourced projects utilizing Sega IP, including Shinobi: Art of Vengance by Lizardcube, which has had guidance from veteran Sakura Wars and Sangokushi Taisen developer Toru Ohara.cite-ref-322[287]

A secondary development base called Sega Sapporo Studio was established in 2021.cite-ref-15-323-0[288]

Nagoshi and Daisuke Sato left Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio in 2021.cite-ref-324[289]

In a 2024 interview, Sega executive Shuji Utsumi mentioned that the dedicated arcade development division in Japan was closed, with the vast majority of its video game-focused developers merged into the remaining four divisions.cite-ref-325[290] Developers associated with AM2 brand titles such as Virtua Fighter generally appear to have been working at Division 1, whilst those from AM1 are under Division 2, with the Maimai and Initial D teams confirmed to be assisting the development of Samba de Amigo: Party Central and Sonic Racing: CrossWorlds whilst continuing to update their games.cite-ref-326[291]cite-ref-327[292] Others more focused on UFO Catchers, medal games, photo booths and other non-video game arcade products have remained in separate departments, moving to Sega Fave upon its 2024 formation.

Sega Amusements International was sold in 2021 via a management buyout, but has retained its inhouse R&D studio in Cardiff, Wales for work with external developers,cite-ref-ah2024-311-1[276] as well as the continued rights to the Sega brand and Western sales of certain remaining Japan-developed arcade games (such as House of the Dead: Scarlet Dawncite-ref-328[293] and from 2025 Maimai DXcite-ref-329[294]) through a royalty agreement.cite-ref-330[295]

| Department | Division |

|---|---|

| J&A (Japan & Asia) Studio 1 (includes R… | Consumer R&D, Sega Games Co., Ltd. (201… |

| J&A Studio 2 (includes Sonic Team ) | Consumer R&D, Sega Games Co., Ltd. (201… |

| J&A Studio 3 | Consumer R&D, Sega Games Co., Ltd. (201… |

| J&A Studio 4 | Consumer R&D, Sega Games Co., Ltd. (201… |

| J&A Studio 5 #1 | Amusement R&D, Sega Interactive Co., Lt… |

| J&A Studio 5 #2 | Amusement R&D, Sega Interactive Co., Lt… |

| J&A Studio 5 #3 | Amusement R&D, Sega Interactive Co., Lt… |

| J&A Studio 5 Products | Amusement R&D, Sega Interactive Co., Lt… |

| Sega Amusements International | Amusement R&D, Sega Interactive Co., Lt… |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Sega of China |

| Department | Members From |

|---|---|

| J&A (Japan & Asia) Studio 1 (includes R… | CS1 R&D |

| J&A Studio 2 (includes Sonic Team ) | CS2 R&D CS3 R&D |

| J&A Studio 3 | Online R&D |

| J&A Studio 4 | Sega Networks |

| J&A Studio 5 #1 | Sega AM1 |

| J&A Studio 5 #2 | Sega AM2 |

| J&A Studio 5 #3 | Sega AM1 |

| J&A Studio 5 Products | Same as before |

| Sega Amusements International | Sega Amusements Europe |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Same as before |

| Department | Headed by |

|---|---|

| J&A (Japan & Asia) Studio 1 (includes R… | Toshihiro Nagoshi |

| J&A Studio 2 (includes Sonic Team ) | Eigo Kasahara |

| J&A Studio 3 | Takaya Segawa |

| J&A Studio 4 | Masayoshi Kikuchi |

| J&A Studio 5 #1 | Yasuhiro Nishiyama |

| J&A Studio 5 #2 | Hiroshi Kataoka |

| J&A Studio 5 #3 | Unknown |

| J&A Studio 5 Products | Unknown |

| Sega Amusements International | Patrick Michael, Shinichi Osagawara |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Makoto Uchida |

| Department | Notable Titles |

|---|---|

| J&A (Japan & Asia) Studio 1 (includes R… | Super Monkey Ball: Banana Blitz HD Yaku… |

| J&A Studio 2 (includes Sonic Team ) | Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games Toky… |

| J&A Studio 3 | Ryu Ga Gotoku Online Phantasy Star Onli… |

| J&A Studio 4 | SEGA Pocket Club Manager Shin Megami Te… |

| J&A Studio 5 #1 | House of the Dead: Scarlet Dawn WCCF Fo… |

| J&A Studio 5 #2 | Border Break Fate/Grand Order Arcade So… |

| J&A Studio 5 #3 | Chunithm series Maimai series Ongeki se… |

| J&A Studio 5 Products | Medal games UFO Catcher series Photo bo… |

| Sega Amusements International | Transformers: Shadows Rising |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Transformers: Shadows Rising |

| Department | Division |

|---|---|

| Div. 1 (includes Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio ) | R&D, Sega Corporation (2021–present) |

| Div. 2 (includes Sonic Team ) | R&D, Sega Corporation (2021–present) |

| Div. 2 2nd Development Department | R&D, Sega Corporation (2021–present) |

| Div. 3 | R&D, Sega Corporation (2021–present) |

| Div. 4 | R&D, Sega Corporation (2021–present) |

| Sega Sapporo Studio | R&D, Sega Corporation (2021–present) |

| Sega Fave | R&D, Sega Corporation (2021–present) |

| Sega Amusements International | Kaizen Entertainment (2021–present) |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Sega of China |

| Department | Members From |

|---|---|

| Div. 1 (includes Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio ) | J&A Studio 1 J&A Studio 5 #2 |

| Div. 2 (includes Sonic Team ) | J&A Studio 2 J&A Studio 5 #1 J&A Studio… |

| Div. 2 2nd Development Department | J&A Studio 2 J&A Studio 5 #1 J&A Studio… |

| Div. 3 | J&A Studio 3, 4 & 5 |

| Div. 4 | J&A Studio 4 |

| Sega Sapporo Studio | New |

| Sega Fave | Products |

| Sega Amusements International | Same as before |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Same as before |

| Department | Headed by |

|---|---|

| Div. 1 (includes Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio ) | Masayoshi Yokoyama |

| Div. 2 (includes Sonic Team ) | Osamu Ohashi |

| Div. 2 2nd Development Department | Osamu Ohashi |

| Div. 3 | Yuya Kimura |

| Div. 4 | Katsutoshi Kioka |

| Sega Sapporo Studio | Takaya Segawa |

| Sega Fave | Unknown |

| Sega Amusements International | Patrick Michael, Shinichi Osagawara |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | Makoto Uchida |

| Department | Notable Titles |

|---|---|

| Div. 1 (includes Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio ) | Super Monkey Ball series Virtua Fighter… |

| Div. 2 (includes Sonic Team ) | Puyo Puyo series Sonic the Hedgehog ser… |

| Div. 2 2nd Development Department | Initial D Arcade Stage series Maimai se… |

| Div. 3 | Crazy Taxi Jet Set Radio Phantasy Star… |

| Div. 4 | 404 GAME RE:SET Sin Chronicle Sonic Rum… |

| Sega Sapporo Studio | Support studio |

| Sega Fave | Medal games UFO Catcher series Photo bo… |

| Sega Amusements International | MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE ARCADE |

| Sega Studios Shanghai | MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE ARCADE |

| Studio | Division | Year of purchase /founding |

|---|---|---|

| Creative Assembly | Sega Europe | 2005 |

| Sports Interactive | Sega Europe | 2006 |

| Hardlight | Sega Europe | 2012 |

| Atlus | Sega Corporation | 2013 |

| Play Heart | Sega Corporation, Mobile | 2015 |

| Two Point Studios | Sega Europe | 2019 |

| Rovio Entertainment | Sega Europe | 2023 |

| Studio | Notable titles |

|---|---|

| Creative Assembly | Alien: Isolation Spartan: Total Warrior… |

| Sports Interactive | Eastside Hockey Manager series Football… |

| Hardlight | Sonic the Hedgehog series Chu Chu Rocke… |

| Atlus | Megami Tensei series Etrian Odyssey ser… |

| Play Heart | Fist of the North Star LEGENDS ReVIVE G… |

| Two Point Studios | Two Point Campus Two Point Hospital |

| Rovio Entertainment | Angry Birds series Small Town Murder Su… |

| Studio | Division | Year of purchase /founding |

|---|---|---|

| Gremlin Industries | Sega Enterprises | 1978 |

| Sega Technical Institute | Sega of America | 1990 |

| SONIC! Software Planning | Sega | 1991 |

| CRI | Sega | 1991 |

| SIMS | Sega | 1991 |

| Sega Interactive | Sega of America | 1992 |

| Sega Midwest Studio | Sega of America | 1992 |

| Sega Multimedia Studio | Sega of America | 1992 |

| SegaSoft | Sega of America | 1995 |

| No Cliché | Sega Europe | 1999 |

| Visual Concepts | Sega of America | 1999 |

| Sega Racing Studio | Sega Europe | 2005 |

| Sega Studios San Francisco | Sega of America | 2006 |

| Sega Studios Australia | Sega Europe | 2006 |

| Three Rings Design | Sega of America | 2011 |

| Relic Entertainment | Sega Europe | 2013 |

| Demiurge Studios | Sega of America, Mobile development | 2015 |

| Amplitude Studios | Sega Europe | 2016 |

| Studio | Year of release /dissolution |

|---|---|

| Gremlin Industries | 1983 |

| Sega Technical Institute | 1996 |

| SONIC! Software Planning | 1995 |

| CRI | 2004 |

| SIMS | 2004 |

| Sega Interactive | 2000 |

| Sega Midwest Studio | 1995 |

| Sega Multimedia Studio | 1997 |

| SegaSoft | 2000 |

| No Cliché | 2004 |

| Visual Concepts | 2005 |

| Sega Racing Studio | 2008 |

| Sega Studios San Francisco | 2010 |

| Sega Studios Australia | 2013 |

| Three Rings Design | 2016 |

| Relic Entertainment | 2024 |

| Demiurge Studios | 2020 |

| Amplitude Studios | 2024 |

| Studio | Fate |

|---|---|

| Gremlin Industries | Sold and Merged into Bally Manufacturing |

| Sega Technical Institute | Dissolved |

| SONIC! Software Planning | Merged into Camelot Software Planning |

| CRI | Remained with CSK following their dives… |

| SIMS | Dissolved |

| Sega Interactive | Dissolved |

| Sega Midwest Studio | Dissolved |

| Sega Multimedia Studio | Dissolved |

| SegaSoft | Initially created as a joint venture wi… |

| No Cliché | Dissolved |

| Visual Concepts | Sold to Take-Two Interactive |

| Sega Racing Studio | Sold and Merged into Codemasters |

| Sega Studios San Francisco | Dissolved |

| Sega Studios Australia | Dissolved |

| Three Rings Design | Dissolved |

| Relic Entertainment | Became independent with assistance from… |

| Demiurge Studios | Sold back to co-founder and then to Emb… |

| Amplitude Studios | Management buyout |

| Studio | Notable titles |

|---|---|

| Gremlin Industries | Deep Scan Head On Monaco GP |

| Sega Technical Institute | Comix Zone Dick Tracy Sonic the Hedgeho… |

| SONIC! Software Planning | Shining series |

| CRI | Dyna Brothers Aero Dancing Charge'n Bla… |

| SIMS | OutRun 2019 Sega Bass Fishing Stellar A… |

| Sega Interactive | Eternal Champions series Greendog: The… |

| Sega Midwest Studio | World Heroes NHL All-Star Hockey '95 |

| Sega Multimedia Studio | Jurassic Park Wild Woody |

| SegaSoft | HEAT.net Lose Your Marbles |

| No Cliché | Toy Commander Toy Racer |

| Visual Concepts | Floigan Bros. NFL 2K series NBA 2K seri… |

| Sega Racing Studio | Sega Rally Revo |

| Sega Studios San Francisco | Iron Man series Golden Axe: Beast Rider |

| Sega Studios Australia | Medieval II: Total War Castle of Illusi… |

| Three Rings Design | Puzzle Pirates Spiral Knights |

| Relic Entertainment | Age of Empires IV Company of Heroes ser… |

| Demiurge Studios | Crazy Taxi: Gazillionaire Sega Heroes |

| Amplitude Studios | Endless Space Endless Legend Humankind |

• Lists of Sega games

cite-note-621. As of 2000

cite-note-212. cite-ref-19-17-0[17]cite-ref-18[18]cite-ref-19[19]cite-ref-20[20]

cite-note-273. cite-ref-17-22-0[21]cite-ref-180-23-0[22]cite-ref-24[23]cite-ref-25[24]cite-ref-26[25]

cite-note-314. cite-ref-17-22-6[21]cite-ref-early-history-28-0[26]cite-ref-29[27]cite-ref-30[28]

cite-note-655. cite-ref-19-17-1[17]cite-ref-ssm-production-history-63-0[59]cite-ref-1998-2-64-0[60]

cite-note-676. cite-ref-early-history-28-1[26]cite-ref-ssm-production-history-63-1[59]cite-ref-25-66-0[61]

cite-note-767. cite-ref-20-39-2[36]cite-ref-21-72-0[66]cite-ref-22-73-0[67]cite-ref-74[68]cite-ref-75[69]

cite-note-798. cite-ref-20-39-3[36]cite-ref-21-72-1[66]cite-ref-22-73-1[67]cite-ref-23-77-0[70]cite-ref-24-78-0[71]

cite-note-859. cite-ref-22-73-2[67]cite-ref-24-78-1[71]cite-ref-80[72]cite-ref-81[73]cite-ref-82[74]cite-ref-83[75]cite-ref-23-77-1[70]cite-ref-84[76]

cite-note-8810. cite-ref-5-13-3[13]cite-ref-21-72-2[66]cite-ref-23-77-2[70]cite-ref-86[77]cite-ref-87[78]

cite-note-9211. cite-ref-21-72-3[66]cite-ref-23-77-3[70]cite-ref-89[79]cite-ref-90[80]cite-ref-cedec-2013-91-0[81]

cite-note-9512. cite-ref-180-23-3[22]cite-ref-22-73-3[67]cite-ref-24-78-2[71]cite-ref-93[82]cite-ref-94[83]

cite-note-9713. cite-ref-19-17-3[17]cite-ref-ssm-production-history-63-6[59]cite-ref-1998-3-96-0[84]

cite-note-9814. cite-ref-early-history-28-2[26]cite-ref-ssm-production-history-63-7[59]cite-ref-25-66-1[61]

cite-note-10415. cite-ref-101[87]cite-ref-102[88]cite-ref-103[89]

cite-note-10816. cite-ref-ssm-production-history-63-11[59]cite-ref-ssm-22-cs1-32-105-0[90]cite-ref-106[91]cite-ref-107[92]

cite-note-11017. cite-ref-ssm-production-history-63-12[59]cite-ref-ssm-22-cs1-32-105-1[90]cite-ref-109[93]

cite-note-14618. cite-ref-35-100-1[86]cite-ref-36-144-0[127]cite-ref-37-145-0[128]

cite-note-15019. cite-ref-35-100-2[86]cite-ref-36-144-1[127]cite-ref-37-145-1[128]

cite-note-17420. cite-ref-csjob-sega-jp2-152-1[133]cite-ref-169[150]cite-ref-170[151]cite-ref-171[152]cite-ref-auto7-172-0[153]cite-ref-173[154]

cite-note-17921. cite-ref-csjob-sega-jp2-152-2[133]cite-ref-175[155]cite-ref-176[156]cite-ref-auto7-172-1[153]cite-ref-177[157]cite-ref-178[158]

cite-note-18422. cite-ref-csjob-sega-jp2-152-3[133]cite-ref-180[159]cite-ref-181[160]cite-ref-182[161]cite-ref-183[162]

cite-note-18723. cite-ref-csjob-sega-jp2-152-4[133]cite-ref-185[163]cite-ref-186[164]

cite-note-19124. cite-ref-188[165]cite-ref-189[166]cite-ref-190[167]

cite-note-19925. cite-ref-192[168]cite-ref-193[169]cite-ref-194[170]cite-ref-195[171]cite-ref-196[172]cite-ref-197[173]cite-ref-198[174]

cite-note-20526. cite-ref-200[175]cite-ref-201[176]cite-ref-202[177]cite-ref-203[178]cite-ref-204[179]

cite-note-21227. cite-ref-206[180]cite-ref-207[181]cite-ref-208[182]cite-ref-209[183]cite-ref-210[184]cite-ref-211[185]

cite-note-21728. cite-ref-40-157-1[138]cite-ref-irstreet-213-1[186]cite-ref-215[188]cite-ref-216[189]

cite-note-25429. cite-ref-237[209]cite-ref-238[210]cite-ref-239[211]cite-ref-240[212]cite-ref-241[213]cite-ref-242[214]cite-ref-243[215]cite-ref-244[216]cite-ref-245[217]cite-ref-246[218]cite-ref-247[219]cite-ref-248[220]cite-ref-249[221]cite-ref-250[222]cite-ref-251[223]cite-ref-252[224]cite-ref-auto9-253-0[225]

cite-note-26330. cite-ref-255[226]cite-ref-auto9-253-1[225]cite-ref-256[227]cite-ref-257[228]cite-ref-258[229]cite-ref-259[230]cite-ref-260[231]cite-ref-261[232]cite-ref-262[233]

cite-note-27131. cite-ref-264[234]cite-ref-265[235]cite-ref-266[236]cite-ref-267[237]cite-ref-268[238]cite-ref-269[239]cite-ref-270[240]

cite-note-29032. cite-ref-cedec-2013-91-1[81]cite-ref-hiring-page-parttime-273-0[242]cite-ref-43-274-0[243]cite-ref-44-275-0[244]cite-ref-45-276-0[245]cite-ref-46-277-0[246]cite-ref-47-278-0[247]cite-ref-48-279-0[248]cite-ref-49-280-0[249]cite-ref-50-281-0[250]cite-ref-51-282-0[251]cite-ref-53-283-0[252]cite-ref-54-284-0[253]cite-ref-55-285-0[254]cite-ref-56-286-0[255]cite-ref-57-287-0[256]cite-ref-58-288-0[257]cite-ref-59-289-0[258]

cite-note-30133. cite-ref-41-291-0[259]cite-ref-60-292-0[260]cite-ref-61-293-0[261]cite-ref-62-294-0[262]cite-ref-63-295-0[263]cite-ref-64-296-0[264]cite-ref-65-297-0[265]cite-ref-66-298-0[266]cite-ref-67-299-0[267]cite-ref-300[268]

cite-note-30534. cite-ref-41-291-1[259]cite-ref-302[269]cite-ref-303[270]cite-ref-304[271]

cite-note-30935. cite-ref-306[272]cite-ref-307[273]cite-ref-308[274]

cite-note-33436. cite-ref-auto15-331-0[296]cite-ref-auto12-332-0[297]cite-ref-auto10-333-0[298]

cite-note-34237. cite-ref-auto1-335-0[299]cite-ref-auto6-336-0[300]cite-ref-auto11-337-0[301]cite-ref-auto4-338-0[302]cite-ref-auto2-339-0[303]cite-ref-auto3-340-0[304]cite-ref-auto-341-0[305]

cite-note-34738. cite-ref-episode05-314-1[279]cite-ref-episode11-321-1[286]cite-ref-auto8-343-0[306]cite-ref-auto14-344-0[307]cite-ref-auto5-345-0[308]cite-ref-auto13-346-0[309]

cite-note-35039. cite-ref-cedec-2013-91-2[81]cite-ref-hiring-page-parttime-273-1[242]cite-ref-43-274-1[243]cite-ref-44-275-1[244]cite-ref-45-276-1[245]cite-ref-46-277-1[246]cite-ref-47-278-1[247]cite-ref-48-279-1[248]cite-ref-49-280-1[249]cite-ref-50-281-1[250]cite-ref-51-282-1[251]cite-ref-53-283-1[252]cite-ref-54-284-1[253]cite-ref-55-285-1[254]cite-ref-56-286-1[255]cite-ref-57-287-1[256]cite-ref-58-288-1[257]cite-ref-59-289-1[258]

cite-note-35140. cite-ref-41-291-2[259]cite-ref-60-292-1[260]cite-ref-61-293-1[261]cite-ref-62-294-1[262]cite-ref-63-295-1[263]cite-ref-64-296-1[264]cite-ref-65-297-1[265]cite-ref-66-298-1[266]cite-ref-67-299-1[267]

cite-note-35841. cite-ref-352[312]cite-ref-353[313]cite-ref-354[314]cite-ref-355[315]cite-ref-356[316]cite-ref-357[317]

cite-note-35942. cite-ref-auto15-331-1[296]cite-ref-auto12-332-1[297]cite-ref-auto10-333-1[298]

cite-note-36043. cite-ref-auto1-335-1[299]cite-ref-auto6-336-1[300]cite-ref-auto11-337-1[301]cite-ref-auto4-338-1[302]cite-ref-auto2-339-1[303]cite-ref-auto3-340-1[304]cite-ref-auto-341-1[305]

cite-note-36244. cite-ref-episode05-314-2[279]cite-ref-episode11-321-2[286]cite-ref-auto8-343-1[306]cite-ref-auto14-344-1[307]cite-ref-auto5-345-1[308]cite-ref-auto13-346-1[309]

cite-note-0-11. ↑ "ビデオゲームの語り部たち 第11部：鈴木久司氏が魂を注いだセガのアーケードゲーム黄金時代". 4Gamer.net (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-09-10.

cite-note-note-com-245. "『Beep21』特別企画「セガ歴史写真館」Vol.1|Beep21|note". note（ノート） (in Japanese). 21 December 2021. Retrieved 2022-10-02.

cite-note-1-33. ↑ "セガハードの父・佐藤秀樹 特別インタビュー『セガハードヒストリア』コンプリート版|Beep21|note". note（ノート） (in Japanese). 19 December 2021. Retrieved 2022-09-10.

cite-note-13-44. ↑ citeref-2016株式会社インプレス (23 May 2016). "「Game On」トークイベント「セガハードの歴史を語り尽くす」レポート 歴代セガハードの生みの親が集結した夢のキャスティングが実現！". Game Watch (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-10-15.

cite-note-4gamer-net-55. ↑ "理想を追求したゲームギア，時代の先端を行ったアーケード基板......セガのハードに込められた矢木 博氏の矜持 ビデオゲームの語り部たち：第21部". 4Gamer.net (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-10-15.

cite-note-66. ↑ "『むかしセガ・エンタープライゼスという会社があった』 （2） - テーマパーク VR アトラクション のトリビア。歪珠から近未来". 7 May 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2022-09-22.

cite-note-9-77. ↑ "発掘！セガのDNA 【第1回】 石井洋児インタビュー（前編） 鶴見六百 with 堀井直樹 / 奥成洋輔|Beep21|note". note（ノート） (in Japanese). 20 July 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-10.

cite-note-88. ↑ "発掘！セガのDNA【第1回】石井洋児インタビュー（中編） 鶴見六百 with 堀井直樹 / 奥成洋輔|Beep21|note". note（ノート） (in Japanese). 10 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-10.

cite-note-9a-99. ↑ "セガレジェンドクリエイター・鈴木裕 特別インタビュー『セガハードヒストリア』コンプリート版|Beep21|note". note（ノート） (in Japanese). 2 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-10.

cite-note-2-1010. ↑ "セガレジェンドクリエイター・中裕司 特別インタビュー『セガハードヒストリア』コンプリート版|Beep21|note". note（ノート） (in Japanese). 10 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-10.

cite-note-1111. ↑ citerefshmuplations2021shmuplations (28 December 2021). "The History of Sega Console Hardware - shmuplations.com". Retrieved 2025-02-10.

cite-note-4-1212. ↑ CHM Revolutionaries: Game Changers- Mark Cerny with EA's Rich Hilleman, 30 November 2012, retrieved 2022-09-10

cite-note-5-1313. ↑ citeref-2022奥成洋輔 (10 June 2022). "セガの名機 メガドライブの軌跡① メガドライブの誕生". ミライのアイデア (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-09-11.

cite-note-3-1414. ↑ "セガハード大百科". セガハード大百科 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-09-11.

cite-note-1546. "History MENU". backup.segakore.fr. Retrieved 2024-02-18.

cite-note-1647. "名作アルバム - 『アレックスキッドのミラクルワールド』 - 2". www.sega.jp. Retrieved 2025-01-08.

cite-note-19-1717. ↑ "GDRI".

cite-note-1818. ↑ "家泉 享吏 (デザイナー)". Hitmaker. Archived from the original on 2003-04-22.

cite-note-1919. ↑ "Roppyaku Tsurumi on Twitter: "第一研究開発部がAM1研・AM3研に分かれたのが1990年か1991年あたりだったかな。それ以前の開発作が第1AM研究開発部であるわけがない。 ゴールデンアックスは第一研究開発部だけど、エイリアンストームは第1AM研究開発部。内田刑事長が安田倉庫2階で難易度調整してたの、いまだに覚えてる。"". 4 September 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-09-04. Retrieved 2024-02-15.

cite-note-2020. ↑ "Astro City Mini and Game Design (Part 1) – One Million Power". 14 February 2021. Retrieved 2025-01-05.

cite-note-17-2221. ↑ "『Beep21』-セガハード列伝- #0回 メガドライブの秘密を追え！" ["Beep21" -Sega Hard Retsuden- #0回 Pursue the secrets of the Mega Drive!]. Beep21 (in Japanese). 25 February 2022. Retrieved 2024-02-15.

cite-note-180-2322. ↑ "SEGA Consumer History" (PDF). retrocdn.net (in Japanese). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-04-29.

cite-note-2423. ↑ "セガ・名越稔洋が語るクリエイター活動30年史。200億稼いだ『デイトナUSA』開発秘話と、初めて明かす師・鈴木裕への想い【特別企画 前編】 | ゲーム・エンタメ最新情報のファミ通.com". ファミ通.com. 11 May 2019.

cite-note-2524. ↑ "名作アルバム - 『アレックスキッドのミラクルワールド』 - 2". sega.jp. Retrieved 2022-09-01.

cite-note-2625. ↑ "名作アルバム -『アドバンスド大戦略 ドイツ電撃作戦』-". www.sega.jp. Retrieved 2024-02-15.

cite-note-early-history-2826. ↑ "Sega-AM2 – Games : 最新のAM2作品 -". 30 June 2004. Archived from the original on 2004-06-30.

cite-note-2927. ↑ "After Burner II – Developer Interviews - shmuplations.com". 12 December 2021. Retrieved 2024-02-15.

cite-note-3028. ↑ "Tales from inside Sega AM2's top-secret studio". Eurogamer.net. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 2024-02-15.

cite-note-3248. "Yuichi Toyama / 外山 雄一 on X: "3DソニックDL記念、ソニックの思い出1：'90年3月～4月、某HELP仕事のた..." Twitter. Archived from the original on 2023-11-15. Retrieved 2024-02-15.

cite-note-3349. "名作アルバム -『アドバンスド大戦略 ドイツ電撃作戦』-". www.sega.jp. Retrieved 2024-02-01.

cite-note-6-3431. ↑ "『Beep21』創刊3号・特別企画 小口久雄氏インタビュー|Beep21|note". note（ノート） (in Japanese). 10 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-11.

cite-note-3532. ↑ "ゲームプロデューサー熊谷美恵さんの「セガ入社秘話、そしてAM3研時代」——ゲーム業界、彼女の履歴書". Red Bull (in Japanese). 26 May 2017. Retrieved 2022-10-07.

cite-note-3633. ↑ "ゲームプロデューサー熊谷美恵さんの「セガ子会社社長兼クリエイターとして」——ゲーム業界、彼女の履歴書". Red Bull (in Japanese). 30 June 2017. Retrieved 2022-10-07.

cite-note-3734. ↑ citerefbooths2022Booths, Planet (10 November 2022). "Planet Booths". Retrieved 2025-04-07.

cite-note-3835. ↑ "Surviving selfies: Japan's purikura photo booths cling on - Art & Culture". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2025-04-07.

cite-note-20-3936. ↑ citeref-2021奥成洋輔 (25 June 2021). "セガサターンとふり返るあの時代① セガサターン発売". ミライのアイデア (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-08-04.

cite-note-4037. ↑ "『むかしセガ・エンタープライゼスという会社があった』 （4） - テーマパーク VR アトラクション のトリビア。歪珠から近未来". 7 May 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2022-09-22.

cite-note-11-4138. ↑ "究極の体感ゲーム筐体「R360」の開発メンバーが次代に託すセガの遺伝子。ビデオゲームの語り部たち 第19部". 4Gamer.net (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-09-11.

cite-note-7-4239. ↑ "『ソニック・ザ・ヘッジホッグ』誕生・ヒット・新生の真実をソニックチームのレジェンドクリエイターが、25周年のいま明かす 秘蔵資料満載の永久保存版！". ファミ通.com (in Japanese). 24 June 2016. Retrieved 2022-09-11.

cite-note-4340. ↑ "Interview:Jim Reichert - GDRI :: Game Developer Research Institute". gdri.smspower.org. Retrieved 2022-09-19.

cite-note-4441. ↑ "Interview: Steven Lashower (2007-08-14)". Sega-16. 3 December 2015. Retrieved 2022-09-19.

cite-note-4542. ↑ "Interview: Doug Lanford (2011-03-01)". Sega-16. 3 December 2015. Retrieved 2022-09-19.

cite-note-4643. ↑ citerefharrison2023Harrison, John (August 2023). Legends of 16-Bit Game Development. Raster Scroll. p. 27. ISBN 979-8-218-1216-2. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)

cite-note-4744. ↑ "Sega's Original Hardware Developer Talks About The Company's Past Consoles". Siliconera. 18 September 2013. Retrieved 2022-09-11.

cite-note-8-4845. ↑ "『Beep21』創刊記念企画・大島直人 特別インタビュー|Beep21|note". note（ノート） (in Japanese). 20 December 2021. Retrieved 2022-09-11.

cite-note-12-4946. ↑ citeref-2019実存 (15 October 2019). "セガ社員と「創業からのセガの歴史」を振り返ってみた【PR】". 電ファミニコゲーマー – ゲームの面白い記事読んでみない？ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-09-11.

cite-note-5047. ↑ citerefmanson2021Manson, Leonard (29 December 2021). "New Saturn Development Details: "I Regret Not Basing It On The Model 1"". Somag News. Retrieved 2022-10-15.

cite-note-28-5148. ↑ "Sega's PC Connection" (PDF). EDGE. October 1997. p. 57. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-03-08.

cite-note-10-5249. ↑ "セガサターン". ミライのアイデア (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-09-11.

cite-note-5350. ↑ "Panzer Dragoon Saga: An oral history". Polygon. 30 April 2018. Retrieved 2024-01-05.

cite-note-5451. ↑ "ビデオゲームの語り部たち 第11部：鈴木久司氏が魂を注いだセガのアーケードゲーム黄金時代". 4Gamer.net (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-09-11.

cite-note-ages-5552. ↑ citerefkolan2007Kolan, Patrick (7 August 2007). "Shenmue: Through the Ages". IGN. Archived from the original on 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2014-10-26.

cite-note-mott1-5653. ↑ citerefmott2013Mott, Tony (2013). 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die. New York City: Universe Publishing. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-7893-2090-2.

cite-note-5754. ↑ citerefkent2001Kent, Steven L. (2001). The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World. Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. pp. 331, 578. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4.

cite-note-5855. ↑ "'My Childhood Dream Had Come True': A Belated Interview With Skies Of Arcadia's Producer". Kotaku. 26 April 2019. Retrieved 2023-10-12.

cite-note-5956. ↑ "セガハード大百科". セガハード大百科 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-09-11.

cite-note-charnock-6057. ↑ citerefcharnockCharnock, Tom. "An Interview With Bernie Stolar". The Dreamcast Junkyard. Retrieved 2022-09-19.

cite-note-6158. ↑ "In the hot seat with David Chomard" (PDF). Dreamcast. No. 3. January 2000. p. 120. Retrieved 2022-09-19 – via retrocdn.net.

cite-note-ssm-production-history-6359. ↑ Production History and mention of studios in Japanese Magazines, Sega Saturn Magazine, Vol. 9, pages 138–145.

cite-note-1998-2-6460. ↑ "ワウ エンターテイメント / 製品情報 /1998年以前のゲーム". 25 June 2003. Archived from the original on 2003-06-25.

cite-note-25-6661. ↑ "Yu Suzuki: Sega's driving force" (PDF). Edge. No. 9. June 1994. pp. 44–50.

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cite-note-auto11-337301. ↑ "【株式会社セガ】【第2事業部】プランナー（新規コンシューマタイトル）_求人No. 732 | セガ". 10 December 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-12-10. Retrieved 2025-01-07.

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cite-note-01-34879. "Summary of Questions and Answers in the 19th Annual General Meeting of Shareholders" (PDF). SEGA-Sammy Holdings. 22 June 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-02-25.

cite-note-16-34980. "4th Development Division Interview | SEGA Careers Site|SEGA CORPORATION". 10 December 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-12-10. Retrieved 2025-01-07.

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cite-note-354314. ↑ "山下祐人【後篇】1/3|株式会社セガ・インタラクティブ". 28 September 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-09-28. Retrieved 2025-01-07.

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cite-note-36685. citerefromano2021Romano, Sal (18 August 2021). "Embracer Group acquires Demiurge Studios, Fractured Byte, and SmartPhone Labs". Gematsu. Retrieved 2023-09-06.

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